- A cramp is a condition where there is an involuntary contraction of the muscle which does not relax causing a lot of pain.
- It is a common condition affecting many people at some point in their lives.
- It can affect a single muscle or multiple muscles.
- Individuals who are involved in vigorous training such as athletes are commonly affected by cramps.
- Calf muscles are more commonly affected with leg cramps.
Causes of Leg Cramps
- Dehydration or inadequate intake of water.
- Depleted levels of potassium and sodium (salt).
- Tense or stiff muscles.
- Vitamin deficiencies may also cause cramps.
- Poor blood circulation also causes cramps.
- Vigorous physical activities and muscle fatigue may cause muscle cramps.
- Injury or trauma such as bone fracture can cause muscle spasm and cramps. It acts as a defense mechanism to prevent further injury.
Treatment of Leg Cramps
- The affected muscle should be stretched and the stretch should be held for as long as is required.
- Gently massaging the affected muscles promotes blood flow and relieves the cramps.
- Sports massage is also helpful.
- Stretching and strengthening helps in preventing further episodes of cramps.
- Patient should have adequate salt intake in diet, although this may be an unlikely cause as people consume a lot of salt in processed foods.
- Muscle relaxant medications such as cyclobenzaprine can be used for a short period to relax the muscles.
Prevention of Leg Cramps
- Stretching and proper warm up before and after exercise.
- Adequate hydration with replacement of electrolytes in case of exertion causing perspiration.
- Strenuous activities leading to muscle fatigue should be avoided, especially during summer season.
- Calcium and magnesium supplements should be taken to avoid cramps during pregnancy.
- Adequate supports, foot wear, body positions, activity breaks etc. should be taken by an athlete.
- The muscles should be stretched before going to sleep to prevent night or rest cramps.
- Patient should have an adequate vitamin E intake.
