The deep posterior compartment is surrounded by a sheath, which encloses the lower leg muscles. Compartment syndrome is a result of muscles growing more in size than the surrounding sheath.

• Prolonged calf pain.
• Kicking or jumping produces pain in the shin.
• Pain upon downward pulling of the toes and the foot.
• There may be weakness causing foot drop when walking.

• Any trauma or injury causes bleeding inside the compartment and results in swelling.
• Bleeding may also be caused due to a muscle tear.
• Any overuse or chronic injury may also cause swelling.

• Rest.
• Ice or cold therapy should be applied for 20 minutes at a time. Preferable to wrap the ice in a towel and applying to the affected areas rather than applying it directly onto the skin.
• Sports injury specialist should be consulted.
• Anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen is effective in reducing pain, swelling and inflammation.
• Sports massage techniques can be used after the acute phase (usually 48 hours) has passed.
• Biomechanical problems should be corrected with the help of proper orthotic devices.