• Diagnostic Procedure or
• Therapeutic Procedure

• Procedure Is Performed to Diagnose the Cause Of The Pain.
• Procedure Is Indicated If Pain Continues And Not Responding To Pain Medications.
• Procedure Is Indicated When X-Ray, MRI And Ultrasound Is Normal.

• Procedure Is Performed In Aseptic Environment Like Surgical Center.
• Surgery Is Performed In Hospital Operating Room Or Outpatient Surgery.
• Procedure Is Performed Under Local, Spinal Or General Anesthesia.

• Local Anesthetics Used Is Lidocaine 0.5% Or 1%.
• Amount Of Lidocaine Injected Is 5 To 15 Ccs.
• Lidocaine Injected To Numb Skin, Subcutaneous Tissue, Tendon, Muscles And Ligaments.
• Local Anesthetics Paste Is Applied Over Skin To Numb Skin Before Needle Puncture.
• Lidocaine Is Injected Through Very Tiny 25 G Needle.
• Patients Are Sedated If Necessary.

• Spinal Anesthesia Is Performed To Numb Both Or One Leg.
• Skin Between Lumbar Spines Of Lower Back Anesthetized Using Lidocaine 0.5% To 1%.
• Spinal Needle Is Inserted And Advanced To Subarachnoid Space Through Skin Between Lumbar Spine L2/L3, L3/L4 Or L4/L5.
• Short (Lidocaine) Or Long (Bupivacaine) Acting Local Anesthetics Injected In Subarachnoid Space.
• Subarachnoid Space Is A Space Outside Spinal Cord Filled With A Cerebrospinal Fluid.
• Local Anesthesia Is Injected Through A Small Needle Of Gauge 25 Or 27.
• Patient Is Sedated If Necessary.

Indications for General Anesthesia-

• Apprehensive patient
• Patient afraid of needle and
• Patient unable to lie quite

• Electrocardiogram
• Blood Pressure
• Oxygen saturation
• Pulse rate
• Temperature

• Diagnostic Arthroscopy is a procedure of insertion of arthroscope inside the ankle joint
• Examination of the joint and observing joint abnormalities or cause of pain
• Collection of tissue pieces for pathology and laboratory studies.