DSM, known as The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is the publication of the American Psychiatric Association to build a common platform for mental disorders.
What Are The Mood Disorders In DSM-5?
DSM-5 characterizes the classification of bipolar disorder and major depression on the basis of symptoms and mental assess meaning. There were changes and additions in the symptoms of these disorders when compared to DSM IV-TR. Following are the general symptoms according to DSM:
Bipolar And Related Disorders. DSM has included this condition along with the criterion of mania or manic episodes. The DSM IV includes the symptoms of mania as abnormally and persistently elevated an expansive and elevated mood which exists for at least one week. However, the DSM-5 has incorporated the changes in energy as well as activity levels of the patient suffering from mania and bipolar disorder. This is the criteria A for mania. Other criteria for mania include decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, and these symptoms should not be due to the effects of substances such as medication or drug abuse and also not be due to an unrelated medical condition such as hyperthyroidism.
Further exclusionary diagnosis for mania is also suggested that involves the exclusion of mixed episodic conditions. The differences in the hypomanic and manic episodes are also outlined in DSM. The difference in both is on the basis of severity, duration and the experience of the patient from a psychological post of view. DSM sets a minimum of four days for a hypomanic episode.
DSM-5 also reanalyze the use of NOS (not otherwise specified) to make it less common. To meet certain criteria of some disorders, new diagnosis for bipolar disorder I and II have been added.
Depressive Disorders. Substantial changes are done in DSM-5 as compared to DSM IV-TR in the diagnosis and symptoms of depressive disorders. In DSM IV-TR, there were only 2 types of depressive disorders while in DSM-5, the types have been increased to 4. The changes have been done on the basis of chronicity of the condition as it plays a major role in the treatment and prognosis of the disease. In DSM-IV TR, the two depressive disorders were Major depressive disorders and dysthymia while the two new added are Disruptive Mood Dysregulation and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
The symptoms of depression as outline in DSM-5 are depressed mood every day and in most part of the day, diminished interest, weight loss, fatigue, and reduced thinking and concentration.
DSM-5
DSM-5 is the publication of the American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 is the fifth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and includes the taxonomic and diagnostic tools related to mental disorders. DSM has an importance in the American medical arena due to the fact that it is widely accepted in the diagnoses and treatment of mental disorders. Also, the insurance companies also accept this classification and the payment for the treatment is also done accordingly.
DSM-5 was published in 2013 and the edition prior to DSM-5 was DSM-IV TR. There are some significant changes done in the current edition and certain mental diseases are either reclassified or been incorporated. DSM is divided into 3 sections wherein section I noted the changes made in DSM-5, section II related to the diagnostic criteria and codes while section 3 is related to emerging measures and models and also includes dimensional assessments.
The primary goal for publishing DSM is to provide a common language to define psychiatric disorders and psychopathology. Doctors, Patients, and relatives have a lot of faith and confidence in DSM as it is supposed to have the best and most modern diagnostic tools and treatments for the management of mental disorders.
Conclusion
Various criteria have been provided for bipolar disorder, mania and depressive disorders in DSM-5. Some criterion has been changed from DSM IV-TR, the previous publication. These guidelines have been widely accepted and doctors have put their confidence in the guidelines published in DSM.
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