Understanding Pregnancy and the Common Cold : Managing Symptoms Safely

Pregnancy can be a beautiful journey, but it also comes with its unique set of challenges, including dealing with common colds. While similar to regular colds, pregnancy can intensify the discomfort, adding to the usual aches and pains. Due to the natural weakening of the immune system during pregnancy, colds might occur more frequently, and also tend to linger longer.⁽¹⁾

On an average, adults face about two to three colds annually, and this frequency does not change much even when you are expecting. If your pregnancy spans through the winter and spring seasons, when colds are more prevalent, you might find yourself having to deal with a persistent cough or congestion – and rightfully feeling very worried about the impact of this on your growing baby.⁽²⁾

Thankfully, though, a common cold typically will not lead to any other enduring or dangerous complications for you or your precious little one. Nevertheless, it is important to keep an eye on symptoms that persist or suddenly worsen.

Cold viruses are pervasive, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimating that adults grapple with an average of two to three colds annually.⁽³⁾ During pregnancy, the chances of catching a cold are heightened due to the slight weakening of the immune system. There is also an increased susceptibility to potentially more severe infections, like the flu. This underscores the importance of taking preventive measures to safeguard health during this crucial period.

It is essential to recognize that the viruses responsible for causing a cold are consistent whether you are pregnant or not. Therefore, there is no intrinsic reason for a cold to be more severe solely due to pregnancy.

However, the experience of a cold during pregnancy can often feel more intense. This heightened discomfort is attributed to the concurrent presence of the usual aches and pains associated with pregnancy. These additional physical challenges can amplify the sensation of illness.

Furthermore, it is also not uncommon for expectant mothers to experience colds more frequently. This uptick in frequency is linked to the changes that occur in the immune system during pregnancy.^(4,5) As the immune system adapts to support the growing fetus, it may be slightly less robust in its defense against common viruses, making pregnant individuals more susceptible to colds.

A cold typically begins with a scratchy or sore throat, a sensation that may persist for a day or two. As the cold progresses, a series of additional symptoms gradually emerge, including:

• Nasal Congestion: Initially, a runny nose may manifest, eventually giving way to nasal congestion. This shift is a common progression in the course of a cold.
• Sneezing: The body’s natural response to the presence of irritants or viruses, sneezing becomes more frequent as the cold advances.
• Mild Fatigue: A sense of mild weariness often accompanies a cold. This fatigue is generally manageable and is a typical component of the body’s immune response.
• Dry Cough: Towards the end of the cold, a dry cough may surface. This cough might persist for a week or even longer after other symptoms have subsided.
• Low-Grade Fever: Occasionally, a mild fever may arise, typically registering under 100 degrees Fahrenheit. While this might be unsettling for the expecting mother, it is important to note that this fever is generally considered low-grade and is a common aspect of the body’s defense against the cold virus.

It is also important to recognize that certain viruses and infections can cause more severe symptoms as compared to the common cold.⁽⁶⁾ These pathogens have the potential to result in complications such as growth restriction, low birth weight, and prematurity. While the transmission of these infections to the fetus can occur at any point during pregnancy, infections contracted during the initial trimester pose a higher level of risk.

So if you are pregnant and find yourself fighting with a cold, it is imperative to promptly seek advice from your healthcare professional if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Fever over 100.4°F (38°C): A temperature surpassing this threshold warrants immediate attention, as it may indicate a more serious underlying issue.
• Severe or Sudden Symptoms: Any sudden onset of severe symptoms should not be ignored, and should be brought to the attention of a healthcare provider promptly.
• Difficulty Breathing: If you experience any difficulties in breathing, it is vital to consult with a healthcare professional promptly to ensure the well-being of both you and your baby.
• Persistent Symptoms: Should your symptoms persist for more than ten days, it is advisable to seek medical guidance to rule out any potential complications.

Understanding the developments of your cold symptoms during pregnancy can provide reassurance for expectant mothers. It is crucial to remember that while these symptoms may be uncomfortable, they are generally manageable and should not cause undue concern. However, it is always advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or worsen, to ensure the well-being of not just the mother, but also the developing baby.

Pregnancy brings about a whole variety of considerations, and when faced with a common cold, knowing which medications are safe becomes the most important. While many over-the-counter cold relief options are deemed safe during pregnancy, it still is essential to seek guidance from your doctor before introducing any form of medication or supplement, including the so-called “natural” remedies like elderberry syrups or vitamin C.^(7,8)

In addition to over-the-counter options, there are several home remedies that are generally considered safe for pregnant individuals seeking relief from the discomfort of a cold, including:

• Gargling with Salt Water: This age-old remedy can help soothe a sore throat and alleviate discomfort.⁽⁹⁾
• Utilizing a Humidifier: Adding moisture to the air with a humidifier can ease congestion and make breathing more comfortable.
• Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is crucial. Hot water with honey or lemon can be particularly soothing.
• Prioritizing Rest: Getting extra sleep allows the body to focus on healing, aiding in a speedier recovery.

It is important to note that these remedies are generally considered safe, but individual experiences may vary. Consulting your healthcare professional ensures that any chosen method aligns with your specific health needs and the well-being of your baby.

Experiencing a cold while pregnant is a common occurrence, and in most instances, it does not lead to long-term complications for either the expectant mother or the developing baby. However, it is still important to remain vigilant, particularly regarding the presence of fevers, which can have implications for the pregnancy.

While a cold itself typically does not pose significant risks, fevers, if they arise, need special attention. Elevated body temperatures can potentially elevate the risk of certain congenital conditions, particularly if they occur early in the pregnancy.

Moreover, it is worth noting that fevers can also serve as an indicator of a potentially more serious underlying health condition, such as influenza or COVID-19. In the event of a COVID-19 diagnosis, appropriate treatment, often involving medications like Paxlovid, may be recommended.

Experiencing a cold during pregnancy is a common occurrence, and for most, it is just a passing phase that typically resolves within one to two weeks. However, if you have a weakened immune system, it is vital to consult your healthcare professional. This step is crucial as individuals with compromised immunity face a higher risk of developing more severe respiratory conditions, such as pneumonia or bronchitis.

Rest, along with a balanced and nutritious diet, is of paramount importance if you catch a cold during your pregnancy. Additionally, swift action is essential if symptoms either worsen or persist, as this can significantly reduce the likelihood of more serious complications arising.

Proactive measures like adopting effective hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, and incorporating immune-boosting foods and supplements into your diet can go a long way in helping prevent a cold. Maintaining distance or wearing a mask around individuals who are symptomatic is another protective measure. Furthermore, prioritizing a good night’s sleep can further strengthen your body’s immune system against cold viruses.

Even though a cold during pregnancy may be uncomfortable, it is generally a manageable situation with the right precautions and care.

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Also Read:

• Low Back Pain During Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention
• Pregnancy and Back Pain: The “Why’s” and the Remedies
• Benefits of Ai Chi in Pregnancy
• Why Do Gums Swell During Pregnancy And How To Treat Them?
• Health Benefits of Sabudana or Tapioca During Pregnancy & Fasting
• Pregnancy Diet: Foods to Eat During 1st, 2nd and 3rd Trimester
• Causes of Hanging Belly after Pregnancy & Ways to Get Rid of it